Authors of strategic studies institute ssi publications. Intelligencegathering methods cia intelligencegathering methods have been successful in fighting ter rorism by james l. Full text of intelligence collection and analytical. Humint resources in the ncs are tapped when only a wellplaced human asset would have access to the intelligence needed by the president, u. Criminal intelligence international association of chiefs. There is a ton of data that can be discovered via open source intelligence gathering techniques, especially for companies who have a large online presence. Aug 10, 2016 human intelligence is intelligence gathered by means of interpersonal contact, as opposed to the more technical intelligence gathering disciplines such as signals intelligence, imagery.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Release of this information has sparked a renewed debate regarding whether the use of socalled. Sep 06, 2018 this post is the second in a series of technical posts we are writing about open source intelligence osint gathering. Some involve a general intelligence, some involve situational factors, and some involve both. It is iinportant to keep in mind that the sophisticated, intelligence collection techniques discussed in this course are, by their very nature, conplex and time consuming. Concepts and practices for fraud, security and crime investigation page 1 surveillance is, quite simply, observations conducted to gain information. All possible vetted sources must be utilized to their optimal potential, including those freq uently ignored. The senate intelligence committee report on torture. This study contributes to the existing literature using an online survey to examine the frequency of use and perceived effectiveness of interrogation methods for up to 152 military and federal. Sep 21, 2003 since september 11, 2001, the administration and congress have adopted a number of incremental changes designed to improve the quality and integration of intelligence information.
Human intelligence is intelligence gathered by means of interpersonal contact, as opposed to the more technical intelligence gathering disciplines such as signals intelligence. Aug 12, 2018 an introduction to open source intelligence osint gathering the revolution of the internet has turned the world into a small village. The scharff technique, human intelligence gathering, information elicitation. Criminal intelligence manual for frontline law enforcement. The human intelligence humint career field represents dias ability to execute its national security mission through providing actionable intelligence to warfighters working on the front lines of the nations defenses. Apr 11, 2017 there is a ton of data that can be discovered via open source intelligence gathering techniques, especially for companies who have a large online presence. Research on investigative interviewing has only recently started to compare the efficacy of different techniques for gathering intelligence from human sources. Unleashing the internet network to billions of people worldwide to communicate and exchange digital data has shifted the entire world into what is now an information age. We compared the efficacy of two human intelligence gathering techniques. Smith 62 cooperation among domestic and foreign intelligencegathering.
These documents provide law enforcement officers in general, and officers assigned to the intelligence function in particular, with guidelines and principles for the collection, analysis, and distribution of intelligence information. Collection includes clandestine acquisition of photography, documents, and other material. He was renowned for his ability to command military campaigns whose success owed a lot to his effective informationgathering and intelligenceled decisionmaking. Intelligence gathering an overview sciencedirect topics. Humint is the collection by a trained humint collector of foreign information from people and multimedia to identify elements, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics, equipment, personnel, and capabilities. Pdf human intelligence humint represents the oldest and most elemental form of. This thesis is on how to elicit intelligence from human sources with the principal aim being to examine the efficacy of the tactics employed by the renowned wwii interrogator hanns scharff. Continually seeking out that balance between privacy rights and the need for intelligence in an everchanging, digital world is the biggest challenge. Humint is the collection by a trained humint collector of foreign information from people and multimedia to identify elements, intentions, composition.
New perspectives on intelligence collection and processing. There is always some tiny piece of code, a tech forum question with elaborate details, a subdomain that was long forgotten or even a pdf containing marketing material with metadata that. An introduction to open source intelligence osint gathering the revolution of the internet has turned the world into a small village. This simple definition includes a plethora of techniques and methods that can be considered a form of surveillance. Identifying how sleep shapes human intelligence gathering and. Compounding computer power and datascience techniques.
One of them is link analysis which is dedicated to evaluate relationships between nodes. Osint for the defense enterprise exploitation identifies the informations intelligence value. The current study used an experimental intelligence. Jan 17, 2014 so, lets take a look at a basic intelligence gathering technique used by the military, and see if we can adapt it to suit our needs.
Businesses need good intelligence to determine what investments to make in a competitive market. Reforms are unnecessary because the cia effectively uses all of the intelligencegathering methods allowed by law to protect the nation. The various means are traditionally described as intelligence disciplines or, in shorthand, ints. Selfreported measures of interrogation methods article pdf available in applied cognitive psychology 286 november 2014 with 3,810 reads. Human intelligence humint is the collection of information from people. People who are not very informed on this topic most likely think that an experienced pen tester, or hacker, would be able to just sit down and start hacking away at their target without much preparation. A great deal of research in the past two decades has been devoted to interrogation and interviewing techniques. Steele may 2010 the views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the department of the army, the department of defense, or the u. In our case the targets are the major drug trafficking organizations. Since september 11, 2001, the administration and congress have adopted a number of incremental changes designed to improve. No list of osint tools is perfect, nor is it likely to be complete.
Areas covered include intelligence collection, the intelligence cycle, and also topics such as counterintelligence and cyber intelligence. Our principal techniques for gathering intelligence are. For example, an intensive activity such as creating a facebook profile and analyzing the targets social network is appropriate in more advanced cases, and. So far the research has focused exclusively on sources interviewed once, thus overlooking that most sources are interviewed multiple times.
Smith 62 cooperation among domestic and foreign intelligence gathering. Participants were given information about a planned terrorist attack, asked to take on the role of sources, and instructed to be semicooperative in a subsequent interview. Targetsobjectives the target of an intelligence gathering operation is selfexplanatory. List of intelligence gathering disciplines wikipedia. Initiative and surprise can be achi eved only if the tactical intelligence mission is effective.
Intelligence gathering techniques are widely varied from human informants on the ground to satellites orbiting the earth and taking photographs of targeted locations. A comparable effort has to be devoted to the science of analysis. The senate select committee on intelligence ssci released the executive summary of its study on the central intelligence agencys cia rendition, detention, and interrogation program, along with corollary reports from the ssci minority and the cia. The sources of the raw data may include, but are not limited to, news reports, aerial imagery, satellite imagery, and government and public documents. Recently, kelly, miller, redlich, and kleinman 20 pro. So, lets take a look at a basic intelligence gathering technique used by the military, and see if we can adapt it to suit our needs. Human rights first 2 law enforcement interrogations are an important and effective intelligence gathering tool law enforcement interrogation of terrorism suspects has produced a large amount of valuable intelligence about terrorist groups and their activities. Human intelligence, or humint, is the gathering of information through human.
Intelligence can be about enemy weapons, troop strengths, troop movement activity, and future operational plans, to name just a few. Human intelligence humint is intelligence gathered by means of interpersonal contact,a category of intelligence derived from information collected and provided by human sources. To examine perceptions of interrogation techniques and methods, we systematically surveyed us military and federallevel interrogators. Often depending on the information, the goal of intelligence collection is to gain access to restricted or secret information. The best open source intelligence osint tools and techniques.
Ircs constitute tools, techniques, or activities employed within a dimension of the information environment ie that can be used to achieve a specific end at a specific time and place. An introduction to open source intelligence osint gathering. Michael allen, managing director of beacon global strategies, talks about national security agency nsa surveillance and u. Some principles of human intelligence and their application dtic. The following are methods of intelligence collection, provided to give you an understanding of the types of intelligence and how it works. A novel experimental setup as well as new dependent measures was introduced to evaluate the efficacy of different human intelligence gathering techniques. The amount of information in a developing case may strongly suggest a persons criminal activity but not meet the standard of probable cause.
We highly recommend that you follow the series in a sequence. The united states should reform its espionage and intelligence gathering methods the united states should reform its intelligence gathering methods by john m. Abstractresearch on investigative interviewing has only recently started to compare the efficacy of different techniques for gathering intelligence from human sources. Areas covered include intelligence collection, the intelligence cycle, and also topics such as. This article needs additional citations for verification. Visit our website for other free publication downloads. Full text of intelligence collection and analytical methods. Intelligence is collected in many ways from spies, eavesdropping, technical sources, and openly. Within the united states, humint collection is the fbis responsibility. The united states should reform its espionage and intelligencegathering methods the united states should reform its intelligencegathering methods by john m. Gathering human intelligence via repeated interviewing. Pdf the who, what, and why of human intelligence gathering. Committee study of the central intelligence agencys detention and interrogation program.
None of them satisfactorily deals with the scope of intelligence. This study is on how to elicit intelligence from human sources. Human intelligence humint, which is the oldest of the intelligence. Take part in civil discourse on this topic, elect representatives who share your concerns for transparency but can also find that balanced ground where security is effective and rights are preserved. Human intelligence intelligence gathering wikipedia. The collection may be done openly, as when fbi agents interview witnesses or suspects, or it may be done through clandestine or covert means espionage. Tourani at present, intelligence is a diffuse concept and there are multitudes of theories that attempt to explain it. Guide to the study of intelligence perspectives on. Procedures for the utilization of intelligence personnel and techniques. Officers in the humint career field perform a wide variety of functions to execute and support the mission, including. The present study attempts to remedy this gap in the.
Despite growing interest in intelligence interviewing, there is little empirical research directly addressing interrogations conducted with the goal of collecting human intelligence humint. There are several techniques intended for humint analysis. This manual provides doctrinal guidance, techniques, and procedures governing the employment of human intelligence humint collection and analytical assets in support of the commanders intelligence needs. Human intelligence humint is the collection of information from human sources. These should guide the adding of techniques in the document below. Can the use of torture in intelligence gathering be justified. Human intelligence plays a critical role in developing and implementing u. The intelligence gathering levels are currently split into three categories, and a typical example is given for each one. While good intelligence is critical in combat, it is also key in all aspects of human action. As such, the intelligence may be used for further inquiry, gathering more information to either expand or conclude the investigation. Types of intelligence collection this research guide contains information both current and historicalon the topic of intelligence. Human intelligence humint this research guide contains information both current and historicalon the topic of intelligence.
Geospatial intelligence geoint, human intelligence humint, measurement and signature intelligence masint, opensource intelligence osint, and signals intelligence sigint. Open source intelligence gathering 201 covering 12. If we assess that a particular threat needs to be investigated, we deploy resources to obtain further intelligence, and we continually adjust our assessments in light of new intelligence or events. However, these methods mostly rely on customary knowledge, and it is only recently that the effectiveness of various interviewing techniques in.
Pavitt 90 although the cia cannot prevent all acts of terrorism, it has successfully foiled many terrorist plots. Intelligence and its role in protecting against terrorism. Human intelligence humint are gathered from a person in the location in question. The humint collectors role within the intelligence operating system. Nov 02, 20 michael allen, managing director of beacon global strategies, talks about national security agency nsa surveillance and u.
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